What does TCP/IP stand for and what is its purpose?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - the fundamental communication protocol suite for the Internet and networks.
How many layers does the OSI model have and name them?
7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers.
What is the difference between a switch and a hub?
A switch creates separate collision domains for each port and learns MAC addresses, while a hub shares one collision domain among all ports.
What are the advantages of a star topology over a bus topology?
Star topology provides better fault tolerance, easier troubleshooting, and no single point of failure affecting the entire network.
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
A subnet mask determines which portion of an IP address represents the network and which portion represents the host.
What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTPS is HTTP with SSL/TLS encryption, providing secure data transmission between client and server.
What is the function of a router in a network?
A router connects different networks and forwards data packets between them using IP addresses and routing tables.
What is bandwidth and how is it measured?
Bandwidth is the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection, typically measured in bits per second (bps), Mbps, or Gbps.
What is the purpose of DNS in networking?
Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses that computers use to communicate.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP protocols?
TCP is connection-oriented and reliable with error checking, while UDP is connectionless and faster but less reliable.
What is a MAC address and how is it different from an IP address?
MAC address is a unique hardware identifier for network interfaces, while IP address is a logical address used for network routing.
What is the purpose of a firewall in network security?
A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules to protect networks.
What is DHCP and what does it do?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration to devices on a network.
What are the advantages of fiber optic cables over copper cables?
Fiber optic cables offer higher bandwidth, longer transmission distances, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and better security.
What is network latency and what factors affect it?
Network latency is the time delay for data to travel from source to destination, affected by distance, processing time, and network congestion.
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